Orthogonal-state-based protocols of quantum key agreement

摘要

Two orthogonal-state-based protocols of quantum key agreement (QKA) areproposed. The first protocol of QKA proposed here is designed for two-partyQKA, whereas the second protocol is designed for multi-party QKA. Security ofthese orthogonal-state-based protocols arise from monogamy of entanglement.This is in contrast to the existing protocols of QKA where security arises fromthe use of non-orthogonal state (non-commutativity principle). Further, it isshown that all the quantum systems that are useful for implementation ofquantum dialogue and most of the protocols of secure direct quantumcommunication can be modified to implement protocols of QKA.